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HD44780 Summary of contents

Page 1

.. LCD-II with an HD44780U. The HD44780U character generator ROM is extended to generate 208 5 8 dot character fonts and dot character fonts for a total of 240 different character fonts. The low power supply (2.7V to 5.5V) of the HD44780U is suitable for any portable battery-driven product requiring low power dissipation. ..

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.. Wide range of instruction functions: Display clear, cursor home, display on/off, cursor on/off, display character blink, cursor shift, display shift Pin function compatibility with HD44780S Automatic reset circuit that initializes the controller/driver after power on Internal oscillator with external resistors Low power consumption Ordering Information Type No ..

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.. HD44780U Block Diagram Reset circuit ACL Instruction register (IR) 8 Instruction MPU RS inter- face R/W E DB4 to DB7 Input/ 8 register output DB0 to buffer DB3 GND V CC OSC1 OSC2 CPG generator 7 Display data RAM decoder (DDRAM bits Address 7 40-bit counter 8 7 register 7 Data 8 (DR) ..

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.. HD44780U HD44780U Pin Arrangement (FP-80B) SEG22 1 SEG21 2 SEG20 3 SEG19 4 SEG18 5 SEG17 6 SEG16 7 SEG15 8 SEG14 9 SEG13 10 SEG12 11 SEG11 12 SEG10 13 SEG9 14 SEG8 15 SEG7 16 SEG6 17 SEG5 18 SEG4 19 SEG3 20 SEG2 21 SEG1 22 GND 23 OSC1 24 4 FP-80B (Top view) SEG39 64 SEG40 63 COM16 62 COM15 61 COM14 60 COM13 59 COM12 58 COM11 ..

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.. HD44780U Pin Arrangement (TFP-80F) SEG20 1 SEG19 2 SEG18 3 SEG17 4 SEG16 5 SEG15 6 SEG14 7 SEG13 8 SEG12 9 SEG11 10 SEG10 11 SEG9 12 SEG8 13 SEG7 14 SEG6 15 SEG5 16 SEG4 17 SEG3 18 SEG2 19 SEG1 20 TFP-80F (Top view) HD44780U COM16 60 COM15 59 COM14 58 COM13 57 COM12 56 COM11 55 COM10 54 COM9 53 COM8 52 COM7 51 COM6 50 COM5 49 COM4 ..

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.. HD44780U HD44780U Pad Arrangement Chip size: 4.90 4.90 mm Coordinate: Pad center ( m) Origin: Chip center Pad size: 114 114 m 80 Type code HD44780U ..

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.. HD44780U Coordinate Function X (um) Y (um) DB2 2070 –2290 DB3 2260 –2290 DB4 2290 –2099 DB5 2290 –1883 DB6 2290 –1667 DB7 2290 –1452 COM1 2313 –1186 COM2 2313 – ..

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.. Starts data read/write. MPU Four high order bidirectional tristate data bus pins. Used for data transfer and receive between the MPU and the HD44780U. DB7 can be used as a busy flag. MPU Four low order bidirectional tristate data bus pins. Used for data transfer and receive between the MPU and the HD44780U ..

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.. Busy Flag (BF) When the busy flag is 1, the HD44780U is in the internal operation mode, and the next instruction will not be accepted. When and R (Table 1), the busy flag is output to DB7. The next instruction must be written after ensuring that the busy flag is 0. ..

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.. When there are fewer than 80 display characters, the display begins at the head position. For example, if using only the HD44780, 8 characters are displayed. See Figure 3. When the display shift operation is performed, the DDRAM address shifts. See Figure 3. High order ..

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.. Case 1: When the number of display characters is less than 40 2 lines, the two lines are displayed from the head. Note that the first line end address and the second line start address are not consecutive. For example, when just the HD44780 is used, 8 characters 2 lines are displayed. See Figure 5. ..

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.. HD44780U Case 2: For a 16-character 2-line display, the HD44780 can be extended using one 40-output extension driver. See Figure 6. When display shift operation is performed, the DDRAM address shifts. See Figure 6. Display position DDRAM address For shift left For shift right Figure 6 2-Line by 16-Character Display Example ..

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.. When it is confirmed by the user that the character patterns are correctly written, mass production of the LSI proceeds at Hitachi. 8 dot dot character patterns from 8-bit character 8 dot character patterns and dots, four character patterns can be written. HD44780U 10 dot character patterns. User- 8 dots, eight 13 ..

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.. HD44780U Create character No Note: For a description of the numbers used in this figure, refer to the preceding page. Figure 7 Character Pattern Development Procedure 14 Hitachi Computer processing 5 pattern listing Evaluate character patterns OK? Yes Art work M/T Masking Trial Sample Sample 6 evaluation No OK? D-link sound cards & media devices driver download. Yes Mass production User ..

Page 15

.. Programming character patterns This section explains the correspondence between addresses and data used to program character patterns in EPROM. The HD44780U character generator ROM can generate 208 5 8 dot character patterns and dot character patterns for a total of 240 different character patterns. Character patterns EPROM address data and character pattern data correspond with each other to form dot character pattern (Tables 2 and 3) ..

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.. EPROM data outside the character pattern area: Always input 0s. 2. EPROM data in CGRAM area: Always input 0s. (Input 0s to EPROM addresses 00H to FFH.) 3. EPROM data used when the user does not use any HD44780U character pattern: According to the user application, handled in one of the two ways listed as follows. ..

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.. Bits 4 Bits CG RAM xxxx0000 (1) (2) xxxx0001 (3) xxxx0010 (4) xxxx0011 (5) xxxx0100 (6) xxxx0101 (7) xxxx0110 (8) xxxx0111 (1) xxxx1000 xxxx1001 (2) (3) xxxx1010 (4) xxxx1011 (5) xxxx1100 (6) xxxx1101 (7) xxxx1110 xxxx1111 (8) Note: The user can specify any pattern for character-generator RAM. 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 HD44780U 17 ..

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.. HD44780U Table 4 Correspondence between Character Codes and Character Patterns (ROM Code: A02) Upper 4 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 Lower Bits 4 Bits CG RAM xxxx0000 (1) (2) xxxx0001 (3) xxxx0010 (4) xxxx0011 (5) xxxx0100 (6) xxxx0101 (7) xxxx0110 (8) xxxx0111 (1) xxxx1000 xxxx1001 (2) (3) xxxx1010 (4) xxxx1011 (5) xxxx1100 (6) xxxx1101 ..

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.. HD44780U Low Character pattern ( ..

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.. HD44780U Table 5 Relationship between CGRAM Addresses, Character Codes (DDRAM) and Character Patterns (CGRAM Data) (cont) For 5 10 dot character patterns Character Codes (DDRAM data High Notes: 1. Character code bits 1 and 2 correspond to CGRAM address bits 4 and 5 (2 bits: 4 types). ..

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.. RAM (DDRAM). Since serial data is latched when the display data character pattern corresponding to the starting address enters the internal shift register, the HD44780U drives from the head display. Cursor/Blink Control Circuit The cursor/blink control circuit generates the cursor or character blinking. The cursor or the blinking will appear with the digit located at the display data RAM (DDRAM) address set in the address counter (AC) ..

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.. For 4-bit interface data, only four bus lines (DB4 to DB7) are used for transfer. Bus lines DB0 to DB3 are disabled. The data transfer between the HD44780U and the MPU is completed after the 4-bit data has been transferred twice. As for the order of data transfer, the four high order bits (for 8-bit operation, DB4 to DB7) are transferred before the four low order bits (for 8-bit operation, DB0 to DB3) ..

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.. The internal operation of the HD44780U is determined by signals sent from the MPU. These signals, which include register selection signal (RS), read/ write signal (R/W), and the data bus (DB0 to DB7), make up the HD44780U instructions (Table 6). There are four categories of instructions that: Designate HD44780U functions, such as display format, data length, etc ..

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.. Because the busy flag is set to 1 while an instruction is being executed, check it to make sure before sending another instruction from the MPU. Note: Be sure the HD44780U is not in the busy state ( before sending an instruction from the MPU to the HD44780U instruction is sent without checking the busy flag, the time between the first instruction and next instruction will take much longer than the instruction time itself ..

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.. ADD Busy state A t ADD seconds cp OSC Figure 10 Address Counter Update HD44780U Execution Time (max) (when f f OSC Writes data into DDRAM CGRAM. t ADD Reads data from DDRAM CGRAM ..

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.. HD44780U Instruction Description Clear Display Clear display writes space code 20H (character pattern for character code 20H must be a blank pattern) into all DDRAM addresses. It then sets DDRAM address 0 into the address counter, and returns the display to its original status if it was shifted. In other words, the display disappears and the cursor or blinking goes to the left edge of the display (in the first line if 2 lines are displayed) ..

Page 27

.. From this point, the function set instruction cannot be executed unless the interface data length is changed. Set CGRAM Address Set CGRAM address sets the CGRAM address binary AAAAAA into the address counter. Data is then written to or read from the MPU for CGRAM. HD44780U 27 ..

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.. HD44780U Clear Code display Return Code home Entry Code mode set Display Code on/off control Cursor or Code display shift Function set Code Set CGRAM Code address 28 RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 ..

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.. Shifts the entire display to the right. The cursor follows the display shift. Table 8 Function Set No. of Display N F Lines Character Font dots dots dots Note: * Indicates don’t care. Duty Factor Remarks 1/8 1/11 1/16 Cannot display two lines for 5 HD44780U 10 dot character font 29 ..

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.. HD44780U Cursor 5 8 dot character font Cursor display example Set DDRAM address Read busy flag and address dot character font Figure 12 Cursor and Blinking RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 Code R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 Code Figure 13 Instruction (2) Alternating display ..

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.. RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 Code Higher order bits RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 Code Higher order bits Figure 14 Instruction (3) HD44780U DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Lower order bits DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Lower ..

Page 32

.. HD44780U Interfacing the HD44780U Interface to MPUs Interfacing to an 8-bit MPU See Figure 16 for an example of using a I/O port (for a single-chip microcomputer interface device. In this example, P30 to P37 are connected to the data bus DB0 to DB7, and P75 to P77 are connected to E, R/W, and RS, respectively. ..

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.. Interfacing to a 4-bit MPU The HD44780U can be connected to the I/O port of a 4-bit MPU. If the I/O port has enough bits, 8-bit data can be transferred. Otherwise, one data transfer must be made in two operations for 4-bit data. In this case, the timing sequence becomes somewhat complex. (See Figure 17.) See Figure 18 for an interface example to the HMCS4019R ..

Page 34

.. HD44780U Interface to Liquid Crystal Display Character Font and Number of Lines: The HD44780U can perform two types of displays dot character fonts, each with a cursor two lines are displayed for 5 8 dots and one line for 5 10 dots. Therefore, a total of three types of common signals are available (Table 9) ..

Page 35

.. Since five segment signal lines can display one digit, one HD44780U can display digits for a 1-line display and 16 digits for a 2-line display. The examples in Figure 19 have unused common signal pins, which always output non-selection waveforms. When the liquid crystal display panel has unused extra scanning lines, connect the extra scanning lines to these common signal pins to avoid any undesirable effects due to crosstalk during the floating state ..

Page 36

.. In either case, the only change is the layout. The display characteristics and the number of liquid crystal display characters depend on the number of common signals or on duty factor. Note that the display data RAM (DDRAM) addresses for 4 characters and for 16 characters 1 line are the same as in Figure 19. HD44780 COM1 COM8 SEG1 SEG40 ..

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.. Power Supply for Liquid Crystal Display Drive Various voltage levels must be applied to pins the HD44780U to obtain the liquid crystal display drive waveforms. The voltages must be changed according to the duty factor (Table 10). VLCD is the peak value for the liquid crystal display drive waveforms, and resistance dividing provides voltages (Figure 21) ..

Page 38

.. HD44780U Relationship between Oscillation Frequency and Liquid Crystal Display Frame Frequency The liquid crystal display frame frequencies of Figure 22 apply only when the oscillation frequency is 270 kHz (one clock pulse of 3.7 s). 1/8 duty cycle COM1 (V3 frame = 3.7 s Frame frequency = 1/11 duty cycle ..

Page 39

.. Instruction and Display Correspondence 8-bit operation, 8-digit 1-line display with internal reset Refer to Table 11 for an example of an 8-digit 1-line display in 8-bit operation. The HD44780U functions must be set by the function set instruction prior to the display. Since the display data RAM can store data for 80 characters, as explained before, the RAM can be used for displays such as for advertising when combined with the display shift operation ..

Page 40

.. HD44780U Table 11 8-Bit Operation, 8-Digit 1-Line Display Example with Internal Reset Instruction Step No. RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Display 1 Power supply on (the HD44780U is initialized by the internal reset circuit) 2 Function set Display on/off control ..

Page 41

.. HD44780U Operation Writes M. TACHI M_ · · · · · Writes O. MICROKO_ Shifts only the cursor position MICROKO _ to the left. Shifts only the cursor position MICROKO _ to the left. Writes C over K. ..

Page 42

.. HD44780U Table 12 4-Bit Operation, 8-Digit 1-Line Display Example with Internal Reset Instruction Step No. RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 1 Power supply on (the HD44780U is initialized by the internal reset circuit) 2 Function set Function set Display on/off control .. NXDRV-WIN | CIFX/netX Device Driver for Windows | hilscher.com.

Page 43

.. Table 13 8-Bit Operation, 8-Digit 2-Line Display Example with Internal Reset Instruction Step No. RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Display 1 Power supply on (the HD44780U is initialized by the internal reset circuit) 2 Function set Display on/off control ..

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.. HD44780U Table 13 8-Bit Operation, 8-Digit 2-Line Display Example with Internal Reset (cont) Instruction Step No. RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Display 9 Write data to CGRAM/DDRAM Write data to CGRAM/DDRAM Entry mode set ..

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.. Function set (Interface is 8 bits long. Specify the number of display lines and character font.) DB2 DB1 DB0 The number of display lines and character font cannot be changed after this point Display off I/D S Display clear Entry mode set Figure 23 8-Bit Interface HD44780U 45 ..

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.. HD44780U Power on Wait for more than 15 ms after V rises to 4 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 Wait for more than 4 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 Wait for more than 100 s RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 ..

Page 47

.. Using the LSI within the following electrical characteristic limits is strongly recommended for normal operation. If these electrical characteristic conditions are also exceeded, the LSI will malfunction and cause poor reliability. Value –GND –0.3 to +7.0 CC –V5 –0.3 to +13.0 CC –0 +0.3 CC –30 to +75 opr –55 to +125 stg HD44780U Unit Notes ..

Page 48

.. HD44780U DC Characteristics (V CC Item Symbol Input high voltage (1) VIH1 (except OSC1) Input low voltage (1) VIL1 (except OSC1) Input high voltage (2) VIH2 (OSC1) Input low voltage (2) VIL2 (OSC1) Output high voltage (1) VOH1 (DB0–DB7) Output low voltage (1) VOL1 (DB0–DB7) Output high voltage (2) VOH2 (except DB0– ..

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.. PW 450 — — — — — — — DDR t 5 — DHR HD44780U 3 ) Max Unit Test Condition Note* 350 kHz 55 % 0.2 s 0.2 s 350 kHz Max Unit Test Condition — ns Figure 25 — ..

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.. HD44780U Interface Timing Characteristics with External Driver Item Clock pulse width High level Low level Clock set-up time Data set-up time Data hold time M delay time Clock rise/fall time Power Supply Conditions Using Internal Reset Circuit Item Power supply rise time ..

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.. V — — CC — — 0 — — –1 — 125 250 — 350 600 3.0 — 11.0 3.0 — 11.0 HD44780U 3 ) Unit Test Condition –I = 0.205 1 – 0.05 mA, VLCD = 0.05 mA, VLCD = ..

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.. HD44780U AC Characteristics (V CC Clock Characteristics Item External External clock frequency clock External clock duty operation External clock rise time External clock fall time R Clock oscillation frequency f f oscillation Note: * Refer to the Electrical Characteristics Notes section following these tables. Bus Timing Characteristics ..

Page 53

.. CSU t 300 — 300 — –1000 — — — ct Symbol Min Typ t 0.1 — rCC t 1 — OFF HD44780U Max Unit Test Condition — ns Figure 27 — — — — 1000 100 Max Unit Test Condition 10 ms Figure 28 — 53 ..

Page 54

.. HD44780U Electrical Characteristics Notes 1. All voltage values are referred to GND = must be maintained For die products, specified For die products, specified by the die shipment specification. 5. The following four circuits are I/O pin configurations except for liquid crystal display output. ..

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Page 55

.. Duty = (when (when 500 400 300 max. 200 typ. min. 100 150 HD44780U rcp fcp 100 (270) max. typ. min. 50 100 150 (75 ..

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.. HD44780U 13. RCOM is the resistance between the power supply pins (V (COM1 to COM16). RSEG is the resistance between the power supply pins (V (SEG1 to SEG40). 14. The following graphs show the relationship between operation frequency and current consumption 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 100 200 OSC cp 15. Applies to the OSC1 pin. ..

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.. Load Circuits Data Bus DB0 to DB7 For V = 4 Test point 90 pF External Driver Control Signals: CL1, CL2 3 IS2074 H diodes Test point 30 pF HD44780U For V = 2 Test point ..

Page 58

.. HD44780U Timing Characteristics VIH1 RS VIL1 R/W VIL1 E DB0 to DB7 VIH1 RS VIL1 VIH1 R/W E DB0 to DB7 Note: * VOL1 is assumed MHz operation VIH1 VIH1 VIL1 VIL1 DSW VIH1 VIL1 Figure 25 Write Operation VIH1 VIH1 VIL1 VIL1 DDR ..

Page 59

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.. In this case, the LSI must be initialized by software. (Refer to the Initializing by Instruction section.) Figure 28 Internal Power Supply Reset t ct VOH2 VOL2 t CWH t CWH t CSU VOH2 t t CSU CWL VOH2 rcc OFF HD44780U VOH2 VOL2 OFF ..

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